- 20150418 172849
- 2016-1-Apidologie
- 3003_G
An Apis dorsata foraging on sun flower (Asteraceae). Hainan Island, China. Photo by Runzhi Zhang. - 6bee_marking
6bee-marking - 6orchid
6orchid - 7_flower
7-flower - 7_prettybug
7-prettybug - 7_stinglessbee
7-stinglessbee - 9_clock_fl_melissa
9-clock-fl-melissa - 9_giantnest
9-giantnest - AFB_control
Fire is still the best way to control AFB. In New Zealand where any colony with visible AFB symptoms is burned, the recurring rate is about 2% colonies each year. When burning, dig a hole about 1-2 ft deep (depending the # of hives), put hives in, douse with gasoline or BBQ light fliuid, start fire, then cover with at least 6 inches of dirt. Check with you state law before doing so, because open burning is banned in many states. - AFB_deadlarva
A late stage larva killed by AFB. The larva has been capped, becomes standing (instead of coiled flat on the cell bottom), then died. This is in contrast with EFB infected larvae which usually die at the coiled stage. - AFB_false_tongue
The false tongue viewed normally from the cell opening. - AFB_false_tongue2
A dead larva killed by AFB usually forms a "false tougue", with tougue pointing upward. - AFB_false_tongue_side
The dead larva now dehydrates, soon will become a "scale" which is completely dried, difficult for bees to remove, and contains millions of spores which remain infective for many years (up to a decade).